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Implication of eukaryotic DNA repair machinery in viral replication
Hron, Tomáš ; Španielová, Hana (advisor) ; Harant, Karel (referee)
Eukaryotic DNA damage response is an important mechanism which ensures genome stability. Its components are also mobilized during viral infection as a reaction against extraneous nucleic acid. Additionally, DNA repair machinery seems to be activated by some viruses purposely to provide their replication. This activation is mediated mainly by viral proteins which are able to interact with cellular factors. In many cases, key components of DNA damage mechanisms are associated with viral replication centre and likely participate in this process. Furthermore, cellular DNA damage signaling is exploited to provide competent environment for viral reproduction. However, particular mechanisms how these cellular factors participate in viral infection are still largely unclear. In this thesis, the principles of relationship between viral infection and eukaryotic DNA damage response are summarized and main viral families which are known to activate and utilize these mechanisms for its genom replication are described.
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Implication of eukaryotic DNA repair machinery in viral replication
Hron, Tomáš ; Španielová, Hana (advisor) ; Harant, Karel (referee)
Eukaryotic DNA damage response is an important mechanism which ensures genome stability. Its components are also mobilized during viral infection as a reaction against extraneous nucleic acid. Additionally, DNA repair machinery seems to be activated by some viruses purposely to provide their replication. This activation is mediated mainly by viral proteins which are able to interact with cellular factors. In many cases, key components of DNA damage mechanisms are associated with viral replication centre and likely participate in this process. Furthermore, cellular DNA damage signaling is exploited to provide competent environment for viral reproduction. However, particular mechanisms how these cellular factors participate in viral infection are still largely unclear. In this thesis, the principles of relationship between viral infection and eukaryotic DNA damage response are summarized and main viral families which are known to activate and utilize these mechanisms for its genom replication are described.
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Beast of prey herpesvirus infections
Zabranská, Dominika ; Karlasová, Barbora (advisor) ; Rozinek, Jiří (referee)
Viruses are a very heterogeneous group of microorganisms, which in many characteristics is different from bacteria. In 1957 André M. Lwoff formulated a general virus definition. Virus´s genome is the most important part of the virus from a biological point of view. Virus´s genomes can be divided in two groups according to their properties - DNA viruses and RNA viruses. General strategies of viral replication are very similar and they consist of several stages, which may be different in an order and duration. In 1973 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses was established, it has been still working as a primary source of information regarding the latest taxonomy of viruses. The name "herpesvirus" is derived from the word creeping (lat. herpes). Herpesviruses are large enveloped DNA viruses with two complementary strands. Replication of the virus takes place in a cell´s nucleus. A characteristic feature of the herpesvirus disease is a lifelong latent phase of the infection. Serious infection stages are observed primarily at young animals, fetuses, immunocompromised patients or as an associated disease in the course of other infections. Canid herpesvirus 1 and Felid herpesvirus 1 are classified in the genus Varicellovirus, in the subfamily Alphaherpesviridae and the family Herpesviridae.
Canid herpesvirus 1 (CaHV1) is a virus infecting mainly genital and respiratory parts; in a lesser extent it also causes eye diseases. It causes death mainly to newborn puppies. CaHV1 is a very demanding in terms of temperature and it can be killed by common disinfectants. It may be transmitted in several ways, including transplacental transmission from mother to fetus. The virus is ubiquitous with worldwide distribution. Since 2003 a vaccine for pregnant females has been available. The host range is generally limited to the family Canidae.
Felid herpesvirus 1 (FHV1) infects domestic and wild felines from the family Felidae. It is relatively unstable in the external environment, very sensitive to common disinfectants and high temperatures. Placental transmission from mother to fetus has not been confirmed. FHV1 is mostly excreted in the eye, nasal or oral secretions. The virus mainly infects the respiratory tract, conjunctiva and corneal epithelium. FHV1 is one of the most frequent and important viral pathogens of domestic cats throughout the world. Serious infection stages are observed primarily at kittens or debilitated animals. Several types of commercial vaccines against Felid herpesvirus 1 are available on the market.
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